PHP Switch
The PHP switch statement is used to execute one statement from multiple conditions. It works like a PHP if-else-if statement.
Syntax
switch(expression){
case value1:
break;
case value2:
break;
......
default:
code to be executed if all cases are not matched;
} Important points to be noticed about switch case:
- The default is an optional statement. Even it is not important, that default must always be the last statement.
- There can be only one default in a switch statement. More than one default may lead to a Fatal error.
- Each case can have a break statement, which is used to terminate the sequence of the statement.
- The break statement is optional to use in the switch. If the break is not used, all the statements will execute after finding a matched case value.
- PHP allows you to use number, character, string, as well as functions in switch expression.
- Nesting of switch statements is allowed, but it makes the program more complex and less readable.
- You can use a semicolon (;) instead of a colon (:). It will not generate any error.
PHP Switch Flowchart
PHP Switch Example
<?php
$num=20;
switch($num){
case 10:
echo("number is equals to 10");
break;
case 20:
echo("number is equal to 20");
break;
case 30:
echo("number is equal to 30");
break;
default:
echo("number is not equal to 10, 20 or 30");
}
?> Output:
PHP switch statement with character
Program to check Vowel and consonant
We will pass a character in switch expression to check whether it is vowel or constant. If the passed character is A, E, I, O, or U, it will be vowel otherwise consonant.
<?php
$ch = 'U';
switch ($ch)
{
case 'a':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'e':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'i':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'o':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'u':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'A':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'E':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'I':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'O':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
case 'U':
echo "Given character is vowel";
break;
default:
echo "Given character is consonant";
break;
}
?> Output:
PHP switch statement with String
PHP allows passing string in switch expression. Let's see the below example of course duration bypassing string in the switch case statement.
<?php
$ch = "B.Tech";
switch ($ch)
{
case "BCA":
echo "BCA is 3 years course";
break;
case "Bsc":
echo "Bsc is 3 years course";
break;
case "B.Tech":
echo "B.Tech is 4 years course";
break;
case "B.Arch":
echo "B.Arch is 5 years course";
break;
default:
echo "Wrong Choice";
break;
}
?> Output:
PHP switch statement is fall-through
The PHP switch statement is fall-through. It means it will execute all statements after getting the first match if the break statement is not found.
<?php
$ch = 'c';
switch ($ch)
{
case 'a':
echo "Choice a";
break;
case 'b':
echo "Choice b";
break;
case 'c':
echo "Choice c";
echo "</br>";
case 'd':
echo "Choice d";
echo "</br>";
default:
echo "case a, b, c, and d is not found";
}
?> Output:
Choice c
Choice d
case a, b, c, and d is not found
PHP nested switch statement
Nested switch statement means switch statement inside another switch statement. Sometimes it leads to confusion.
<?php
$car = "Hyundai";
$model = "Tucson";
switch( $car )
{
case "Honda":
switch( $model )
{
case "Amaze":
echo "Honda Amaze price is 5.93 - 9.79 Lakh.";
break;
case "City":
echo "Honda City price is 9.91 - 14.31 Lakh.";
break;
}
break;
case "Renault":
switch( $model )
{
case "Duster":
echo "Renault Duster price is 9.15 - 14.83 L.";
break;
case "Kwid":
echo "Renault Kwid price is 3.15 - 5.44 L.";
break;
}
break;
case "Hyundai":
switch( $model )
{
case "Creta":
echo "Hyundai Creta price is 11.42 - 18.73 L.";
break;
case "Tucson":
echo "Hyundai Tucson price is 22.39 - 32.07 L.";
break;
case "Xcent":
echo "Hyundai Xcent price is 6.5 - 10.05 L.";
break;
}
break;
}
?> Output:
Hyundai Tucson price is 22.39 - 32.07 L.
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